Author: Daniel

Masculine noun. From the Latin vincere, to defeat. In Legal Spanish vencimiento refers to the fulfilment of the term of a debt or an obligation. E.g.: Que al vencimiento del contrato no exista opción de compra, o bien que la opción, si existe, debe permitir al arrendatario…: That upon expiration of the contract no call option exists, or rather the option, if it does exist, must allow the lessee…; Cuanto más lejana la fecha de vencimiento, mayores son las variaciones: The longer the time to maturity the greater are such variations.
In general Spanish we also use vencimiento to refer to the expiration date of a consumable product. E.g.: Hasta 6 semanas después de la fecha de vencimiento indicada en el envase, pueden durar los yogures, señala la experta: Yogurts can last up to 6 weeks after the expiration date indicated on the packaging, says the expert ( I wouldn’t try this).
In both cases the verb is vencer and the adjective vencido/a. E.g.: El contrato/la factura/el yogur vence el 6 de enero; el contrato/la factura/el yogur está vencido/a.
Vencer also means to defeat and vencido/a defeated, but in this case the noun is victoria. dc

Feminine noun. From the verb quebrar, to break, and this one from the Latin verb crepare.
In Legal Spanish a quiebra is a proceeding l by which someone is financially incapacitated due to their insolvency and all their assets are executed in favour of all of their creditors
Before the quiebra, and to avoid it, there is usually a concurso preventivo. The verb is concursar.
E.g: No se inició ningún procedimiento de quiebra en relación con esta empresa en el contexto del derrumbamiento del grupo: This company was not subject to bankruptcy proceedings in connection with the breakup of the group; El concurso preventivo se da por finalizado cuando el deudor haya cumplido íntegramente el acuerdo preventivo y cancelado…: The reorganization proceeding finalizes upon completion of all acts and cancellation of all liabilities by the debtor pursuant…
The verb quebrar, of course, is also used for arms and legs. dc

Feminine noun. From the Latin mora. In Legal Spanish, it refers to the delay in fulfilling an obligation, usually that of paying a liquid and overdue amount. Who is in mora is called moroso/a. It is also possible to say morosidad (feminine noun), but mora sounds more professional. E.g: El año ha tenido aspectos alentadores, incluida la reducción de las cuotas en mora y el aumento del efectivo previsto disponible para el plan…:…aspects, including the reduction in unpaid assessed contributions and the increase in projected cash available for the capital master plan. With the same root, we have the Spanish noun moratoria, a legal authorization to debtors to postpone tax payments.
On another note, in general Spanish a mora is a blackberry; that’s why you need an expert. Call me for Legal and Business Spanish lessons. dc

Maculine noun. From the Latin patrimonium, set of family assets, generally real estate, that are legally owned by a head of the family.
In Legal Spanish, patrimonio is a set of assets belonging to a natural or legal person, or assigned to a purpose, susceptible to economic estimation.
The word is also used in expression such as patrimonio nacional and patrimonio histórico: national and historical heritage.
The adjective is patrimonial. E.g: A partir de ese momento, lógicamente, la responsabilidad patrimonial de los resultados de Italstrade corresponderá por completo a Astaldi: Naturally, from that point Astaldi undertakes entire financial responsibility for Italstrade’s results. dc

Adjective. From the Latin vigentis; which is in force. Said of a law, an ordinance, a style or a custom: that is in force and observance.
We use it in expression such as ley vigente: current law; contrato vigente: current contract; constitución vigente: current constitution. E.g: La legislación vigente no brinda suficiente protección a las ballenas: The current legislation gives insufficient protection for whales; Las leyes aprobadas hace dos años aún siguen vigentes: The laws passed two years ago still remain in force; La legislación vigente otorga varios derechos a los ciudadanos: The standing legislation grants several rights to the citizens.
It is also possible to say en vigor, but it is less common in the professional field. ley en vigor, contrato en vigor, constitución en vigor.
The noun is la vigencia. dc

Masculine noun. From the Latin placitum, pleasant for all, agreed, adjusted. In its current use, plazo comes from dies placitus, agreed day.
In Legal Spanish, plazo refers to the term or time designated for something. We use it in expressions such as corto/mediano/largo plazo: short/medium/long-term. E.g: También incluye plazo a término para los permisos de registro: It also includes a due date for registration permits.
From plazo we have the verb aplazar: to postpone; and emplazar: to summon the defendant indicating the period within which they will need to appear at the trial to exercise their defences, exceptions or counterclaims. The action of emplazar is called emplazamiento (masculine noun); Entre el emplazamiento del demandado y la audiencia, deben mediar por lo menos tres días, término que será ampliado en razón de la distancia: There must be at least three days between the issuing of the summons to the respondent and the hearing, based on distances. The person who emplaza is called emplazante. This verb can also be reflexive: emplazarse: to give each other a term; e.g.: Rusia y Ucrania se emplazan a seguir negociando mientras el Kremlin intensifica su ofensiva. dc

Noun. From the Latin testis, head. The one who gives his head/face. Person who testifies or attests something. Still today in Spanish the expression dar la cara, tho give the face, means both to face the consequences and to show one’s own face.
Please note that the female forms of this noun is la testigo and las testigos.
The verb is testimoniar: to testify; the adjective is testimonial, e.g: declaración testimonial: witness statement.
There is another noun with the same root: el/un testimonio; which apart from meaning witness statement it is also the word used in the legal field to speak about a copy of a document, e.g: Adjunto el testimonio de la escritura: I am attaching the copy of the deed. It makes sense as a copy simply testifies the original document. dc

Verb. From the Latin comparescere, appear before another person.
In Legal Spanish it means to appear personally or by proxy before a public body, especially before a judge or court. E.g: Esa obligación sólo se puede invocar únicamente cuando el procesado debe comparecer en persona: That obligation could be invoked only when the defendant was required to appear in person; Mi país no se arriesga deliberadamente a que hoy se le condene y se le haga comparecer ante el Tribunal de Justicia: My country did not happily enter into its current position of being condemned and hauled up before the Court of Justice.
The nouns are la comparecencia and el/la compareciente (the person that comparece). dc